Totalitarianisms as political religions in the 20th century

Despite all contents of secularisation, a certain kind religious element is important in every modern totalitarian system, like Communism or National Socialism. Therefore, systems can be regarded as political religions. The following historical and philosophical reflections on the history ideas religions will contain three major parts: First, early uses concept ‘political religion’ by Campanella Clasen 16th 17th centuries considered, then interpretation totalitarianism religion analysed, with regards to Eric Voegelin, Raymond Aron several ramifications, finally, perspective messianism Jacob Leib Talmon’s work discussed.